Theory

Circle of Fifths

What is the Circle of Fifths?

The Circle of Fifths arranges all 12 major keys in a clockwise circle, each a perfect 5th above the last. The inner ring shows each key's relative minor. Moving clockwise adds 1 sharp; counterclockwise adds 1 flat.

Interactive Circle

Tap a key segment to see its details.

CAmGEmDBmAF♯mEC♯mBG♯mF♯/G♭D♯m/E♭mD♭B♭mA♭FmE♭CmB♭GmFDmtap a key
Major keys
Relative minors

Key Relationships

Keys that sit adjacent on the circle share almost all their notes — they are closely related and blend smoothly together. The I–IV–V triangle is the most important relationship in all of Western music:

In the key of C:

C

I — Tonic

F

IV — Subdominant

G

V — Dominant

F and G are C's immediate neighbors on the circle — one step counterclockwise and one step clockwise.

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